ZF Zend Framework

Zend_Search_Lucene is a general purpose text search engine written entirely in PHP 5. Since it stores its index on the filesystem and does not require a database server, it can add search capabilities to almost any PHP-driven website. Zend_Search_Lucene supports the following features:

Zend_Search_Lucene was derived from the Apache Lucene project. The currently (starting from ZF 1.6) supported Lucene index format versions are 1.4 - 2.3. For more information on Lucene, visit http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/.

	Previous Zend_Search_Lucene implementations support the Lucene 1.4 (1.9) - 2.1 index formats. Starting from ZF 1.5 any index created using pre-2.1 index format is automatically upgraded to Lucene 2.1 format after the Zend_Search_Lucene update and will not be compatible with Zend_Search_Lucene implementations included into ZF 1.0.x.

Zend_Search_Lucene operates with documents as atomic objects for indexing. A document is divided into named fields, and fields have content that can be searched.

A document is represented by the Zend_Search_Lucene_Document class, and this objects of this class contain instances of Zend_Search_Lucene_Field that represent the fields on the document.

It is important to note that any information can be added to the index. Application-specific information or metadata can be stored in the document fields, and later retrieved with the document during search.

It is the responsibility of your application to control the indexer. This means that data can be indexed from any source that is accessible by your application. For example, this could be the filesystem, a database, an HTML form, etc.

Zend_Search_Lucene_Field class provides several static methods to create fields with different characteristics:

<?php
$doc = new Zend_Search_Lucene_Document();

// Field is not tokenized, but is indexed and stored within the index.
// Stored fields can be retrived from the index.
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::Keyword('doctype',
                                                 'autogenerated'));

// Field is not tokenized nor indexed, but is stored in the index.
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::UnIndexed('created',
                                                   time()));

// Binary String valued Field that is not tokenized nor indexed,
// but is stored in the index.
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::Binary('icon',
                                                $iconData));

// Field is tokenized and indexed, and is stored in the index.
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::Text('annotation',
                                              'Document annotation text'));

// Field is tokenized and indexed, but is not stored in the index.
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::UnStored('contents',
                                                  'My document content'));

Each of these methods (excluding the Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::Binary() method) has an optional $encoding parameter for specifying input data encoding.

Encoding may differ for different documents as well as for different fields within one document:

<?php
$doc = new Zend_Search_Lucene_Document();
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::Text('title', $title, 'iso-8859-1'));
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::UnStored('contents', $contents, 'utf-8'));

If encoding parameter is omitted, then the current locale is used at processing time. For example:

<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE.iso-8859-1');
...
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::UnStored('contents', $contents));

Fields are always stored and returned from the index in UTF-8 encoding. Any required conversion to UTF-8 happens automatically.

Text analyzers (see below) may also convert text to some other encodings. Actually, the default analyzer converts text to 'ASCII//TRANSLIT' encoding. Be careful, however; this translation may depend on current locale.

Fields' names are defined at your discretion in the addField() method.

Java Lucene uses the 'contents' field as a default field to search. Zend_Search_Lucene searches through all fields by default, but the behavior is configurable. See the "Default search field" chapter for details.

Zend_Search_Lucene offers a HTML parsing feature. Documents can be created directly from a HTML file or string:

<?php
$doc = Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html::loadHTMLFile($filename);
$index->addDocument($doc);
...
$doc = Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html::loadHTML($htmlString);
$index->addDocument($doc);

Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html class uses the DOMDocument::loadHTML() and DOMDocument::loadHTMLFile() methods to parse the source HTML, so it doesn't need HTML to be well formed or to be XHTML. On the other hand, it's sensitive to the encoding specied by the "meta http-equiv" header tag.

Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html class recognizes document title, body and document header meta tags.

The 'title' field is actually the /html/head/title value. It's stored within the index, tokenized and available for search.

The 'body' field is the actual body content of the HTML file or string. It doesn't include scripts, comments or attributes.

The loadHTML() and loadHTMLFile() methods of Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html class also have second optional argument. If it's set to true, then body content is also stored within index and can be retrieved from the index. By default, the body is tokenized and indexed, but not stored.

Other document header meta tags produce additional document fields. The field 'name' is taken from 'name' attribute, and the 'content' attribute populates the field 'value'. Both are tokenized, indexed and stored, so documents may be searched by their meta tags (for example, by keywords).

Parsed documents may be augmented by the programmer with any other field:

<?php
$doc = Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html::loadHTML($htmlString);
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::UnIndexed('created',
                                                   time()));
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::UnIndexed('updated',
                                                   time()));
$doc->addField(Zend_Search_Lucene_Field::Text('annotation',
                                              'Document annotation text'));
$index->addDocument($doc);

Document links are not included in the generated document, but may be retrieved with the Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html::getLinks() and Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html::getHeaderLinks() methods:

<?php
$doc = Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html::loadHTML($htmlString);
$linksArray = $doc->getLinks();
$headerLinksArray = $doc->getHeaderLinks();

Starting from ZF 1.6 it's also possible to exclude links with rel attribute set to 'nofollow'. Use Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html::setExcludeNoFollowLinks($true) to turn on this option.

Zend_Search_Lucene_Document_Html::getExcludeNoFollowLinks() method returns current state of "Exclude nofollow links" flag.